Light Deflection under the Gravitational Field of Jupiter—Testing General Relativity

We measured the relative positions between two pairs of compact extragalactic sources (CESs), J1925-2219 \& J1923-2104 (C1--C2) and J1928-2035 (C1--C3) on 2020 October 23--25 2021 February 5 (totaling four epochs), respectively, using Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 15 GHz. Accounting for deflection angle dominated by Jupiter, as well contributions from Sun, planets other than Earth, Moon Ganymede (the most massive solar system's moons), our theoretical calculations predict that dynamical ranges across epochs in R.A. C1--C2 pair C1--C3 are 841.2 1127.9 $\mu$as, respectively. The formal accuracy is about 20 but error Decl. poor. standard deviations 51.0 29.7 $\mu$as C1--C3, These values indicate post-Newtonian relativistic parameter, $\gamma$, $\sim 0.061$ 0.026$ C1--C3. Combining CES pairs, value $\gamma$ $0.984 \pm 0.037$, which comparable to latest published results Jupiter a gravitational lens reported Fomalont Kopeikin, i.e., $1.01 0.03$.